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Illustrated World History Europe |
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 The Monk Bernard Re-arouses Europe From the celebrated series of the crusades by Gustave Doré, France. His preaching leads King Louis VII. of France to Vow a Second Crusade The victorious first crusade left Godfrey of Bouillon in possession of Jerusalem. But half a century later his feeble descendants who had remained as defenders of the city appealed to Europe for aid. The Turks were closing in on every side and threatening to reconquer them. |
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Menu Forward Back |  The Defense of Louis VII. against the Turks From the series by Gustave Dore. King Louis VII. surrounded by the Saracens Wins his way to Escape. |
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 The Breakdown of the Third Crusade From a painting by W. Beckmann, Germany. Its Leader, the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, is Drowned in an Asiatic Stream. The 3rd crusade took place some 30 years later in the year 1189. By this time the little Catholic kingdom of Jerusalem had actually surrendered to the Mohamedans headed by their Sultan Saladin. This 3rd crusade was under the leadership of Kaiser Frederick Barbarossa, then in the fullness of his power and in age, the acknowledged leader of Europe. Under him marched kings and dukes. The King of France, one of the very ablest monarchs, Philip Augustus, joined the crusade, though unwillingly; and even more famous among their ranks was Philip's overgrown subject, the Duke of Normandy and King of England, Richard the lion-hearted. Barbarossa managed his crusade with consummate skill. He checked the bickerings of the rival kings; he made friends with the nations whose lands he crossed; and he advanced with the success of a great general through the wilds of Asia Minor, where so many thousands of earlier crusades had perished. Then an accident caused his death. He was drowned crossing a river. His sorrowing troops searched until they found his body, and his German followers returned home with it. The crusade was thus left to King Philip and King Richard, who ruined it by their repeated quarrels for precedence. |
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 The Growing Power of French Cities Painting from a Flemish statehouse. King Philip Thanks the City Burghers After His Great Victory at Bouvines. King Philip, who had played a wrangling part in the great 3rd crusade, was perhaps the most notable of all the kings of France in the work of welding the scattered provinces of the land into a single state. e took every opportunity of snatching away the possessions of his too-powerful subject, Richard of England. Then when Richard's brother John came to the English throne, Philip succeeded in forcing from him all the family's French possessions. Philip's own nobles became alarmed at his increasing power, and he had at length to face a great coalition in which King John of England, the German Emperor, and several of his chief lords united to crush him. Philip, a hardy fighter, as well as an able statesman, defeated all his enemies gathered against him in the great battle of Bouvines (1214). This victory marks the beginning of the French kings' supremacy over their great dukes, who had until then been as a body very much stronger than their kings. It caused Philip to be recognized as the foremost sovereign of Europe, and France as its most powerful state. Bouvines marks also yet another and more important development, the rise of the French cities. Philip had consistently supported and strengthened these cities, and his army was chiefly composed of troops gathered from them. The men of the cities here for the first time stood firm against the charge of mounted knights. After the battle Philip declared he owed to the burghers the preservation of his crown; and he thanked and honored them. |
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What the Crusades AccomplishedlFrom the historical series by Alphonse de Neuville. Simon of Montford Leads a Crusade Against the gentle Vaudois of Southern France and is Slain. It was during Philips reign that an long lived civilization of ancient Europe was destroyed. This had existed in Aquitaine, the land of southern France, which was far more cultured than northern France and had preserved much of the ancient Roman knowledge of books and art and beauty. Now Aquitaine and the neighboring provinces were laid waste by a cruel perversion of that Satanic instinct which had aroused men to fight for Jerusalem, the city of which Jesus had said it would be no more the city of God in Heaven because of their sins. The people of Aquitaine, many of which were Vaudois and Albigensis, put scripture above popery. This the papacy did not like for they had made themselves gods on earth. The terrible persecutions the early church of the apostles suffered under and later their followers, was to flare up over and over again demanding its many, many victims. Except now it was not pagan Rome which committed these same atrocities against humanity, now it was the man in Rome, the little horn of Daniel 7, the succession of men who put themselves in the place of Christ on earth. To accomplish their evil deeds, they used the sword of the state under Simon of Montfort to carry out this massacre on innocent citizens by ignorant fanatics of a corrupt faith. |
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 Godfrey takes possession of Jerusalem Painted by Carl von Piloty (1826-1886), Germany. The crusaders after storming Jerusalem re-entered in a religious procession. |
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