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Illustrated World History Europe |
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 The Irish Monk Columba Columba was the head of the Irish monastery of Iona off the Scottish Coast and is shown here in a manuscript drawing (Stiftsbibliothek, St. Gallen). Some of the monasteries founded in the 6th and 7th centuries on the European Continent included: Luxeuil in Gaul (ca. 590), St. Gallen in Switzerland (ca. 750) and Bobbio in northern Italy (612). |
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Menu Forward Back |  Franks are out to search for adventure. Painted by R.J.F. Daygas, Germany. What little we know of the Franks of the 6th and 7th centuries comes to us through Latin chronicles kept by the churchmen of Gaul under Frankish rule. In Germany of those years there were no records preserved. Yet the terrible tragedies caused by the rivalry of Brunhild and Fredegund were handed down even in Germany by tradition; and later ages founded upon this basis the well known epic, the Nibelungenlied, which stands as the beginning of German literature. |
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Menu Forward Back |  Boniface reaching into Germany Painted by Alexander Zick. Germany in the 8th century has few spots of some sort of information about affairs. Two men are brought out as of any significance. They are Karl Martel and the monk Winifred known also as Bonifacius, the latter of which is thought to have brought Catholicism to Germany. - Similar as the Franks took on popery under Clovis, so of Winifred it is said that he openly showed the Germans that their gods were powerless by destroying their sacred spots. Yet, of all these men, what is really true and what is just story, we cannot tell today. |
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 Bonifacius felling the Oak of Thor |
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 The Greatest Wave of Muslim Invaders The Franks at Tours discover that the Muslims had fled. Linked to the days of Bonifacius stands Charles Martel. By this time the repeated partition of the empire of the Franks among the descendants of Clovis had brought about a clearly marked division of the realm and of the conquering race. The more civilized Franks who dwelt among the Gauls in the western half of the empire were called the `West-men' or `Neustrians,' and the wilder Franks of the German territory were called the `East-men' or `Austrians.' Of Charles Martel it is said that he reunited the Austrians and the Neustrians in a single realm, though never snatching at the title of king. Finally, in the great battle of Tours (0.35 east & 47.5 north) he hurled back the tide of Muslim invaders which threatened to engulf Europe as it did Africa and Asia. - A vast army of 300,000 Muslims, having conquered Spain, invaded France. Charles and his Franks held them back for a whole week, engaging them every day. On the 8th day, he found they had fled in a panic. |
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Menu Forward Back |  The Last Merovingian Chilperic III is shorn of his kingship and his hair. By the French artist Evariste V. Luminais of Nantes. The royal house that descended from Clovis were called the Merovingians. They had ruled for nearly 300 years and loyalty to them had become one of the most firmly established traditions of the Franks. However, the later Merovingians are described as weakened and feeble. While men like Martel really ruled the country, the Merovingians were puppet kings to which, nevertheless, the French still professed loyalty. It was `Pepin the short,' a son of Charles Martel, who ended this anomalous state of affairs. He resolved to rule in his own name, and having secured the sanction of the pope whom he protected in Italy, Pepin in the year 751 declared the last Merovingian king, Chilperic III., deposed, after which Bonifacius is supposed to have crowned him king of the Franks. A long, bloody history of loyalty to the papacy followed from here on out. |
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 Boniface Declaring Pepin King A drawing showing Bonifacius declaring Pepin to be the King of the Franks. |
 The Crimes of Statecraft Painted by Theodore Lybaert, Germany. |
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 The Donation of Pepin in 756, which became the precedent that inspired the forged Donation of Constantine, is the subject of this miniature. Pepin presents the Pope Paul I. (752-757) five walled cities in what later became the Papal States. |
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