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Illustrated World History Europe |
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Menu Forward Back |  The Downfall of Marius as he sits among the ruins of Carthage Painted by Albert Rieger, Germany. Banished from Rome by the partisans of Sulla, general Marius (157-86 BC), uncle of Julius Caesar, faced a reversal of fortune. He had been the ruler of the world but now he was frustrated by aristocratic arrogance. |
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Menu Forward Back |  The Feast of Crassus. From a painting by Adolf Closs. From the time of Marius onward, the story of Rome becomes a mere disgraceful tale of self-seeking men tricking each other in their struggle for power. Sulla retained control until he died; then there was another period of civil strife, one army general against another. Eventually two men rose to prominence, Pompey and Crassus. While Pompey commanded armies abroad, Crassus purchased estates at home and became the richest man the world ever knew in Rome. |
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Menu Forward Back Egypt |
 Caesar Conquers Gaul. Painted by Henri Paul Motte. Caesar remained for 9 years in Gaul, France. He wrote a book, the `Gallic Wars', describing the conquest of the land. But when he thought his work was finished and he was ready to return to Rome, suddenly Gaul burst into rebellion behind him. - The leader of this outbreak was the chieftain Vercingetorex. Only after a hard struggle did Caesar overcome him and made him flee. A second Gallic chief rose up and withstood a long siege in the city of Alesia (ca. Long. 4° east & 44° north). When resistence was no longer possible he rode out the gate in his finest armor and on his finest horse and surrendered to Caesar. After that Caesar did everything possible to conciliate the Gauls. |
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Menu Forward Back Egypt |
 Caesar crosses the Rubicon River Painted by J. Steeple Davis, USA. The decisive moment arrived. Near Rome was this little river, but every Roman general was forbidden to march his army into the territory of Rome. The one who does it must conquer or perish. All the cities welcomed Caesar and Pompey fled Rome and Italy. Caesar was the undisputed master. He was made absolute dictator just like Pompey, but he held the position only 11 days. After restoring the laws again he had himself elected as consul. |
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