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What is being said about Seti the Great (Menmaatre or Men-maat-Ra)- 1291-1278 BC The highest year date on the monuments is the 11th year. He took the title `Repeater of Births' which only now appears as if out of nowhere and is to signify a new era. The `Repetition of Births' had to do with the Persian custom that on New Years day the nobles and princes of the Empire would get together in the Palace to reaffirm allegiance to their King. Seti's queen was Tuya, the daughter of a lieutenant of chariotry. Their first child, a boy, died young. Their second was a daughter by the name of Tia. The later Ramses II was their third child. The tomb of Tia was found next to the tomb of Harmhab at Saqqara. Could this Tia have been the alter ego of Nitocris? The name of her royal retainer was `Iurudef' who had his chambers in that same tomb. Seti's wars had but one aspect, and that is religious. He led campaigns against the Shasu, Libyans, into Palestine, southern Syria and against the Hittites. Seti the Great belongs to what is called the Bronze Age. |
What is being said about Psammetichus (Wahibre or Uah-ab-Ra II) - 664-610 BC Psammetichus of Herodotus is equated with Psamtekh I. His daughter was Nitocris, who had been sent south in early 656 BC to be officially adopted as Divine Adoratrice (God's Wife) of Amun amidst great celebrations by Shepenwepet II, the sister of Tirhaka, and Amendiris II, two current holders of the office. Secular and religious ties were this way forged to help unify the country. Psammetichus is said to belong to the Iron Age. 
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The Revised Reply to who Psamtekh I actually was. The person of Psamtekh is enigmatic indeed. In revised view he did not live in the 7th but in the 5th century BC. Psamtekh had royal status during a time when the Persian hold of Egypt was distant and weakend. But his royal status was not that of an inaugurated, seated king. According to Allan Gardiner his name means `Negus vendor (vendor of negus [lemonade])'. That should allert us to a possible problem here. Besides the famous Psammetichus the Greek authors referred to several more rulers of the same name but of lesser stature. The relics with the name of Psamtekh can be safely ascribed to Psamtekh or Psamshek, the administrator of Egypt under the satrap Arsames. But what about Psamthek's ties to Tarhaka? Again Psamthek I and Psammetichus are not the same person. Psammetichus/Seti the Great had ties to Tarhaka, not Psamthek. But what about the `Adoption Stela of Nitocris'? If Psammetichus was Seti the Great, was Nitocris the daughter of Seti the Great? Was she perhaps Tia? Unfortunately such a connection we cannot yet make with the meager information we have about Tia but what we know about Nitocris could fit Tia's life as well. But what about the difference in reign length between Seti the Great and Psammetichus? Seti is considered to have reigned from anywhere between 11-16 years, Psammetichus for 54 years. Is it possible that Seti's reign was much longer? Certainly for the length of reign Psammetichus is supposed to have had there are no remains of him in proportion to it, vice versa for the shorter reign Seti is supposed to have had there are many more relics of his to support a longer reign. Many times we cannot be certain about the total number of years a pharaoh reigned. What we know about either of Seti and Psammetichus can be understood to complement each other while some relics and information about Psamthek is anachronistic with respect to both as for example seeing Psamtekh and Nekht-nebef (Nectanebo I) together on a basalt slab using the same scheme of decoration for both. In revised view Nekht-nebef too was a highly placed Egyptian official under Persian rule and not Nectanebo I who was Ramses III. |
| The inscriptions of Seti the Great date him also when he mentions the name of the town `Pekanon' named after the Israelite king `Pekah'. |
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The Bronze Age Iron Age Connection Do we not cause a displacement of the metal ages if we date the 18th Dynasty 600 years closer to our time? Like we pointed out elsewhere, a navy boat could reach the Palestinina coast within 2 to 3 days, caravans of Thutmose III traveled the desert in 9 days. For these reasons we find it unacceptable to have different dates in Egypt and Palestine for the bronze and iron periods. The true reason for such discrepancies we find is the anachronistic conventional chronology. We find that the 20th Dynasty of Ramses III did not precede the time of Necho II by 600 years but followed it by 200 years for example. Of course such displacements will cause metal age controversies as it has. While copper and tin can be easier worked, iron is more widely distributed on earth. One look at Egyptian stone cuttings tells us they could not have been accomplished with bronze tools, many also could not have been carved with iron tools, they require steel, lots of steel. Basically bronze and iron existed together for the whole period we describe. |
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The Connection between the 21st and 30th Dynasty The successor of the representative of Arsames in Egypt, Psamtek, was `Nekht-hor' which is short for `Nekht-hor-heb'. We find a few relics of this official in Egypt bearing his name. During his time Egypt had no seated pharaoh, the Persian king was the Great King of Egypt with some notable interruptions when local princes regained a measure of power during times when Persian kings were weak. At the Umm Umbaydah temple in the Siwa Oasis were found inscriptions of Nekht-hor-heb together with the cartouche of `Wenamun' and Wenamun kneeling before the god. That this `Wenamun' was the Wenamon of the story of the `Travels of Wenamon' we can be reasonably sure of. The significance of these cartouches and reliefs is that they bring together personalities of the 30th, Nekht-hor-heb, who is supposedly Nectanebo II in conventional view, and a personality of the 21st Dynasty, Wenamun, who is suppsed to have lived some 800 years before Nekht-hor-heb. In effect these reliefs vindicate our revised chronology as long as we can agree that these names are those we describe them to be. |
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