The existence of foreign Palestinian ceramic imports at Maadi, a busy trading center near Cairo, has long been known and has factored heavily in discussions about its place in the relative chronological sequence of Late Predynastic Lower Egypt. Designated Ware V, or `Palestinian Ware', by the excavators, these imports were limited to one principal form:

A globular jar with broad, flat base, high shoulder, and long, pronounced cylindrical neck. Ledge- or lug handles were usually found attached to the shoulder. Besides its unique form, Ware V pottery has also exhibited manufacturing techniques and clay compositions not found in local wares. 31 complete jars were recovered ...'

On what basis were the finds at Maadi dated to Pre-Dynastic times? The author states:

"Since chronological correlations between two regions are essential to any discussion of the nature of their interaction, a basic chronological framework needs to be in place before an examination of the archaeological evidence can begin."

What we have to be careful of as a result of the above sentence is that it is not part of `circular reasoning'. If pottery finds and artifacts figure in establishing dynastic times then one cannot securely determine dynastic times on the same type of evidence. An argument could be made that subsistence economy was in place throughout all ages.

Funeral Ceremonies for Israelite Kings

From long ago Jerusalem was surrounded by fields and orchards but west of the city arose 20 mysterious earth and stone mounds. Albright excavated mound #2 in the 1920's and found them to contain Early Iron pot sherds which he attributed to 1100 BC. Later digs by Ruth Amiran determined the three mounds she exposed were of late kingdom of Judah times. So we read: "Hezekiah slept with his fathers and they buried him with the sons of David, and all of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem honored him at his death." [2.Chr. 32:33; Jeremiah 34:5] The `honor' paid by all of Judah and Jerusalem is mentioned after the king was buried, so it apparently does not refer to the funeral. Giving honor is a separate matter. On the death of king Asa he was buried, "in his own sepulcher ... A very great fire was made in his honour." [Ibid. 16:14] On the death of Jehoram, "His people made no fire for him ..." [Ibid. 21:19] These `mounds of burning' were protected in that people were not allowed to take stones from them for their own projects. When a king died, a month or so later, after the king was buried in the City of David, a ceremony took place for all the people (2.Chr. 32:33). There was no space for them in the narrow streets of Jerusalem. To avoid damaging agricultural plantations that ringed the city, they gathered on the barren hills outside the city. The entire ceremony took only a few hours. A platform was built around which the crowd stood in sorrow. Perhaps there were a few speeches, then a huge fire was ignited in memory of the deceased king. Afterward each participant took a basket of stones and dirt and piled the material within rings of stone walls in order to cover the place of burning, forming a large artificial memorial mound. (Jeremiah 34:5) It is interesting that there are 19 (or 20) of these mounds. Between king David and Zedekiah, there were 21 kings. [Gabrial Barkay, Mounds of Mystery in BAR, Vol. 29, May/Jun, 2003, p. 32-39f.]

(01) A Coney (Rock Rabbit) can be seen in BAR, Jan/Feb 1992, p. 27. The same page also shows a family of Wild Pigs.
(02) The color ink drawing of a `hoopoe' (Wiedehopf in Deutsch) in BAR, Jul/Aug 2002, p. 54.
(03) The exquisite raised relief carving of a barn owl and a dung beetle with missing head can be seen in KMT, Fall 2004, p. 45.
(04) A fine bass specimen can be seen in BAR, Nov 1989, p. 64.
(05) A full page color image of a Biblical, two straight up, long horned Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in BA, Sep 1984, p. 67, Num 24:8, Deut 33:17, Job 39:9-10; Psalm 22:21, thought to be the type animal for a unicorn.
(06) Egyptian vultures in Eretz, Dec 2002, p. 48-50, and the head of a rare white tailed (otherwise grey brown with a yellowish beak) Sea Eagle with a 2.4 m wing span, p. 52.

01) `Red Sand Stone Pueblos' of the Sunagua Indians at the `Wupatki Nat. Mon.' Highway 89, Sunset Crater in northern Arizona and Little Springs, 15 miles north of the Grand Canyon and 40 miles from the nearest paved road in the Arizona Strip to see `sherd rocks' and the remains of a 900 year old pueblo. Archaeology, Mar 2004, p. 51.

A list of Crusader Period Castles and Contemporary and Later Remains: [Regine Pernoud, `In the Steps of the Crusaders', N.Y., 1959.]

Evolutionary geologists use rocks to date the fossils, and use fossils to date the rocks. This is a classic case of circular reasoning.

It is interesting to note how, once an idea gets into the literature, it can become entrenched in conventional scholarly thinking. I remember doing research on the ancient site of Hama in Syria. As I was reading through the excavation reports (published in French), I came across a reference to a figurine from the 2nd millennium which the excavator thought must be a horse, but the strange hump in the middle of its back made one think of a camel. I looked at the photograph and the figurine was obviously that of a camel! This scholar was so influenced by the idea that camels were not used until the 1st millennium, that when he found a figurine of one in the second millennium, he felt compelled to call it a horse! This is a classic example of circular reasoning. [Randall Younker at: http://www.aiias.edu/ict/vol_26B/26Bcc_457-477.htm]

Logical Fallacies

If you assume the very premise you're trying to prove, you are "begging the question." This fallacy is also known as "arguing in a circle," or "circular reasoning." The purpose of deductive reasoning is to get from one point in an argument (the premise) to another (the conclusion) in a logical manner. But a circular argument does not allow this progression. If the premise or beginning of the argument is identical to its conclusion, the argument doubles back on itself and becomes barren. [From:http://home.comcast.net/~dchapman2146/pf_v5n1/Fallacies.htm]

The Charles Ginenthal example:

"Astronomers, in attempting to deal with this evidence respecting Venus, either ignore the data or invent systems to explain it away so that it will conform to their uniformitarian view. By employing a sledge hammer, they smash the tablets of Ammizaduga to bits and then reassemble the fragments to prove that Venus' orbit has never changed. Although Velikovsky does not explain the precise cause for the circularization of Venus' orbit except to invoke electromagnetic forces, the plain evidence of the ancient astronomers shows that Venus' orbit was different, and therefore, more elliptical than its present, almost circular orbit and thus, there must exist a force that circularized it."
This is a bona-fide example of circular reasoning. The tablets are changed in translation to conform with what everybody KNOWS to be reality i.e. uniformitarianism. Then these same mis-translated tablets are used by the typical yuppie "scientist" to refute Velikovsky. [From:http://www.skepticfiles.org/neocat/ammi.htm]

Velikovsky's Circular Reasoning

It is true, though, that the pseudoscientist often invents a theory to fit his beliefs, then uses the beliefs to support the theory. This type of circular reasoning is common among those who use ancient myths to support their theories and their theories to explain the ancient myths.
Compare the work of von Daniken and Velikovsky and that of Julian Jaynes in The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976). [From: http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_intro/creationscience.html]

Egyptian Chronology as a Pseudo-Global Item

Egyptian chronology was mentioned above as something which has been used as a Global framework, but it was implied that this was not entirely correct. The problem is that Egyptian chronology, per se, simply does not exist. What we call Egyptian chronology is the reconstruction of modern scholars, and incorporates the conclusions of archeology and other disciplines of ancient history, something which is often overlooked. As a result of this, when other disciplines attempt to use Egyptian chronology as a Global framework, they are often engaging unbeknown in circular reasoning. Worse, the elements of their own disciplines which are being fed back into themselves may be ones which have been superseded, but this has not yet had the proper effect on Egyptian chronology.
Another point is that what passes for a Global chronology is actually a collection of Dynastic chronologies linked together. It is given scale and placement in time through linkages with stratigraphic sequences (primarily of the Land of Israel) and the Dynastic chronologies of other nations, and by the use of highly theoretical interpretations of astronomical data. But there is no coherent source which can be said to provide a reliable account of ancient Egyptian history, and without such a source, it is hard to see how Egyptian chronology can be seen as a true Global item.
Of course, it is not a given that a Global level will always be available. As mentioned above, if there is none, the alternative is to do the best we can with lower levels. This is what has been done with Egyptian chronology. [Lisa Liel at http://www.starways.net/lisa/essays/care.html]

The `Victory Stela' was found at Susa and is now in the Louvre Museum. The bas-relief was found near Diarbekr, in Kurdistan, and last we read was in the Museum of Constantinopel. [L.A. Waddel, `Egyptian Civilization', London, 1930, pl. IX and X.] Naram-Sin has been described as the son of Sargon of Akkad. [Prof. Theodor G. Pinches, The Early Babylonia King-Lists in PSBA, June 1885, p. 65-71.

The `Paradise Legend' of Sumer

The tablet containing part of this legend has it that `paradise' is located in a land called Tilmun upon which the great god Enki pours his blessings including the wish that,

".. the land of Meluhha bring you ... precious carnelian, mes-shagan wood, fine sea-wood, large ships;
.. the land of Marhashi bring you precious stone, crystal;
.. the land of Magan bring you mighty copper, the strength of ... diorite."
[American Heritage, `Mysteries of the Past', 1977, p. 162.]

What is described as Iron I period kilns produced vast amounts of pottery found in the vicinity of a number of kilns of which one is shown in operation. The cultic focus building 350 in Iron I Ekron consisted of a square building with the entrance on one side near a corner leading into a room which used up half the space of the building. The central separating wall from the other half had three doors leading into three chambers behind it. Archaeologists found a round hearth made of hundreds of small wadi pebbles imbedded in the floor as found before at Pylos and on Cyprus. Also shown are what is described as 21st dynasty type art of a) 7 pendants depicting the cow headed Hathor, b) ivory and faience ear plugs which may have adorned someone's ear lobe, c) 2 faience rings, one with the goddess Sekhmet incised, d) a speckled stone bowl, e) an ivory human head, f) a painted limestone baboon, g) 3 wheels and a decorative bud of a small version of a four wheeled, eight spoked cast bronze cult stand of the type made by King Hiram of Tyre, 1.Kings 7:27-37, and h) a double headed chariot linch pin. [Trude Dothan & Seymour Gittin, `Ekron of the Philistines' in BAR, Jan/Feb 1990, p. 20-36.]

Information on Khirbet(s)

For info and B&W views on Khirbet el-Meshash see Volkmer Fritz, The Israelite Conquest in BASOR, Winter 1981, p. 61-73.

The Priest's grave of Tel Nami

Found in 1989, 8 miles south of Haifa, a headless ivory scepter decorated with incised designs from a robbed grave, two bronze scepters topped by a pomegranate bud, one of which appeared to have had a silver sheathing which disappeared after exposed to air, a bronze incense burner with hanging pomegranate seed buds and two gold earrings shaped like pomegranate blossoms. [Michael Artzy, `Pomegranate Sceptors .. in Priest's Grave', Ibid., p. 48-51.]

Vol. I
1872, Introduction.;
The Progress of Biblical Archaeology (Inaugural Address). Note: To us it seems more to be a set back of Biblical ancient history brought about by minds who advocated humanism and millions of years at the expense of internal Biblical reliability - putting man's wisdom above everything else.
On an ancient eclipse.; On an hieroglyphic tablet of Alexander, son of Alexander the Great, recently discovered at Cairo.; Early history of Babylonia.; On the date of the nativity.; Note on the religious belief of the Assyrians.; On the discovery of some Cypriote inscriptions. On the reading of the Cypriote inscriptions.; Lettre au Tres-Reverend Doyen de Westminster sur le site de Capharnaum, de Khorazyn, et Beth-Sayda (Julias).; Cypriote inscriptions - On the reading of the inscription on the bronze plate of Dali (Idalium).; Hebræo- Ægyptiaca.; Cyrus the Second - Concerning Cyrus son of Cambyses king of Persia and of Mandane daughter of Astyages, who overthrew Babylon and released the Jews; as distinguished from Cyrus father of Cambyses, who conquered Astyages and founded the Empire of the Medes and Persians.; The Prideaux Pentateuch.; A fragment of ancient Assyrian mythology.; The Assyrian verbs `basu', `to be', `qabah' `to say' and `isa' `to have' identified as variant forms of verbs having the same signification in the Hebrew language.; The origin of Semitic civilization, chiefly upon philological evidence.; Jerusalem, an introduction to its archaeology and topography.; The new Moabite stone.; Observations on the base length of the Great Pyramid and royal coffers dimensions.; On the `mazzoroth' of Job 38:32.; The use of papyrus as a writing material among the Acadians.; A prayer and a vision: from the annals of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria.; Addition to the paper on the eclipses.; On the political condition of Egypt before the reign of Ramses III; probably in connection with the establishment of the Jewish religion.; From the Great Papyrus Harris.; Note on Universal type numbers, and Pyramid casing stone.;

Vol. II
Jul 1873, On some recent discoveries in SW Arabia.; On the religious beliefes of the Assyrians.; On Joseph's tomb in Shechem.; On a conjunction as a character of early Shemitic speech.; On the coincidence of the histories of Ezra and Nehemiah.; Remarks upon a terra cotta (Assyrian) vase.;
The synchronous history of Assyrian and Babylonia.; Column I - "Cara-indas, king of the land of Car-duniyas, and Assu-bil-nisi-su, king of Assyrian, a covenant between them with each other established; and a pledge with regard to the boundaries of a certain character to one another gave. Buzur-Assur, king of Assyrian and Burna-buryas, king of Car-duniyas made an ordinance, and boundaries common of a certain character established. In the time of Assur-yupalladh, king of Assyria, Cara-khardas, king of Car-duniyas, son of Mupal-lidhat- Serua, daughter of Assur-yupalladh, men of the Cassi revolted against and slew him. Nazi-buyas, a man of low parentage to the kingdom to (be) over them they raised.
... king of Assyria to exact satisfaction for Cara-khardas to Carduniyas he went; Nazi-bugas, king of Car-duniyas, he slew; Curi-galzu, son of Burna-buryas, on the throne he seated."
Column II - "his servants he made ... as far as the city Sunlar ..., Bel-chadrezzar, king of Assyria, they slew Bel-chadrezzar. Rimmon-pal-iddina ... in the midst of that conflict Adar-pileser .... to his country returned. His many warriors he collected, and to Niniveh to capture [it] he went. - in the midst of it he fought; he turned about and to his country returned. In the time of Zamama-sum-iddin, king of Car-duniyas, Assur-dayan, king of Assyria, to Car-duniyas went; the cities of Zaba, Irriya [and] Akarsal he captured their spoil in abundance to Assyria he carried. ...lacuna ... Thereupon to his land he returned. After him Nebuchadrezzar his armaments carried; to the passes of the border of Assyria to conquer he went. Assu-ris-ilim, king of Assyria, his chariots mustered against him to go. Nebochadrezzar, when the armaments do not advance, his baggage with fire burned: he turned about and to his country returned. The said Nebochadrezzar [with] chariots and teams to the defenses of the border of Assyria to conquer went. Assur-ris-ilim chariots [and] teams for assistance sent forth. With him he fought; a destruction of him he made; his soldiers he smote; his camp he plundered; forty of his chariots harnessed they brought back; one standard that went before his host they had taken. - the land of the Sukhi as far as the city Rapik to its whole extent he conquered. In this time of Assur-bel-cala, king of Assyria, [and] Merodach-sapic-cullat of Carduniyas friendly [and] peace with one another they made. In the time of Assur-bel-cala, king of Assyria, Merodach-sapic-cullat, king of Carduniyas, his death took him ... saduni the son of a nobody to the kingdom over them they raised. Assur-bel-cala, king of Assyria, to Car-duniyas went down; their spoil to Assyria he brought. .... lacuna .... Nebo-sum-iscun .... fought; a destruction of him he made .... Bambala [and] Khudadu .... cities many he captured, and their spoil in abundance to Assyria he took. .... his death constrained him ..... their daughters to one another they gave; friendship [and] alliance complete with one another they made; the men of Assyria [and] Accad with one another trafficked. From the mound of Bit-bari which [is] above the city of the Zab to the mound of Batani and of the city Zabdani a boundary line they made. In the time of Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, [and] Nebo-pad-iddina, king of Car-duniyas, friendship [and] alliance complete with one another they made. In the time of Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, Nebo-pal-iddina, king of Car-duniyas, his death constrained him. Merodach-sum-iddin on the throne of his father sat: Merodach-bel-usate, his brother, against him revolted; ..... he took; the land of Accad strongly he had fortified. Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, to the assistance of Merodach-sum-iddin, king of Carduniyas, went. Merodach-bel-usate, the king he slew. -- the captains, the rebels, who [were] with him he smote. In Cuthah, Babylon, [and] Borsippa sacrifices he made ..... lacuna ..... men [and] spoil to his places he brought back; a bond permanent of habitations he fixed for them. The men of Assyria [and] of Car-duniyas with one another trafficked. A boundary in common of seventy [capsu] he established, as follows: `May the prince hereafter who in Accad .... shall appoint it and the plunder of conquest .... [?he shall carry off] .... write, and to this inscribed stone [?which contains] the ordinance and to the sacred images above it which the army has inscribed may he listen, and ..... the laws of Assyria may they protect to future days. May he who Sumir [and] Accad (shall rule) interpret (them) fully [to] the people.'" -- Here the tablet finally breaks off. The ends of the lines which begin the whole history have also been discovered. They are as follows: ---

01. "... na-Assur (?part of a royal name)
02. ... [e]-bis-su "he made him."
03. ... su ad-me "him the men."
04. ... khu.
05. ... [ana] yu-me atsati, "to future days."
06. ... sa zic-ra "who the money."
07. ... ta-na-ti li-ta "laws [and] ordinance."
08. ... va i-pi-lu gim-ri "and they conquered the whole."
09. ... sar-ri makh-ru-ti "former kings."
10. ... its-tsab-tu "they were taken."
11. ... icb-ad "be oppressed." (proof read 2/18/07)

Vol III
June 1874, Synchronous History of the reigns of Tiglath-Pileser & Azariah, Shalmanezer & Jotham, Sargon & Ahaz, Sennacherib & Hezekiah; Appendix - Illustration of the early use of Gnomons for measuring Meridian Altitudes (in French & English).; The 3rd Sallier Papyrus - Notes; Observation on the Assyrian word basu as compared with the Hebrew verb ; Account of an Egyptian (granite) altar in the Museum at Turin.; Revised translation of `The descent of Ishtar' - Appendix notes and explanations; Nemrod et les ecritures cuneiformes.; The astronomy and astrology of the Babylonians - with translations of the tablets relating to this subject, pp. 145-339. - An Example: "From this omen one learns the following: the city of the king and his men in the hand of the foe are; corpses [and famine] ... on thy tablet the number (which) thou statest he shall state to thee and with ... ."/ "A collection of 25 tablets of the signs of heaven and earth, according to their good presage and their bad [presage ...] The omen as many as in heaven are, and on earth are recorded ... This [is] the record ... Twelve months to each year, (6x60=) 360 days, in order are recorded by the hand ... during the middle of the day a deficiency of the sight of the non-existent star ... the appearance at the beginning of the star Icu, the sight of the Moon and the Sun which in ... The rising and appearances of the Moon during the month on observes; ... The balancing of the stars and the Moon one watches; and the opposition ... of the year its months, of the months their days the announcement; and of peace the making ... Then [follows] at the appearance of the Moon, during the day rain falls; all .... .;" Translation of a fragment of an historical narrative relating to the reign of Tothmes III. - Harris Papyrus 500, page 1-3. - Notes to translation of the HP 500.; Translation of a fragment of a fabulous tale (of the two brothers).; Addenda to paper on the `Descent of Ishtar';|; On fragments of an inscription giving part of the chronology from which the canon of Berosus was copied.; Egyptian papyrus in the British Museum. - First Song Papyrus Harris, p. 1-7.; On the (Hebrew) Phoenician inscription generally known as the `Melitensis Quinta'; Calendar of astronomical observations found in royal tombs of the 20th Dynasty.; On the cylindrical monument of Nechtharhebes in the Museum of Turin.; Translation of the hieroglyphic inscription upon the altar of Nechtharhebes.; Assyrian Notes #1 & Addendum; Account of recent excavations and discoveries made on the site of Niniveh.; The languages of the cuneiform insciptions of Elam and Media.; Inscription of Haremhabi on the statue at Turin.; Four new Syllabaries and a bilingual tablet - Addendum.; The eleventh (cuneiform) tablet of the Izdubar legends - Notes.;

Vol. IV
Jun 1875, Edouard Naville- La destruction des hommes par les dioux.; S. Birch- On some Cypriote Antiquities discovered by General Di Cesnola at Golgoi.; A Sayce- On human sacrifice among the Babylonians.; On a Karaite tombstone brought from Djuffet Kalea in the Crimea. Reading: ".. the old man .. [?] the priest .. Japhet the son of Jehu(da?) .. Joseph Hanoori .. the carpenter."; Sayce- Revised translation of a passage in the great astronomical work of the Babylonians.; On a digraphic inscription found in Larnaca.; Les quatre races an judgment Dernier.; Commentary on the deluge tablet.; W. Boscawen- On a historical inscription of Esarhaddon.; On a unique specimen of the Lishna Shel Imrani.; Francis Roubillac Conder- Ancient Metrology.; H. Fox Talbot- A tablet in the BM, relating apparently to the Deluge.; On an early Chaldean inscription.; S. Birch- The tablet of Antefaa II. from a tomb in the Valley of El Assasif; Captain W.F. Prodeaux (Fellow Univ. Bombay), Bombay staff Corps- Himyaritic inscriptions lately discovered near San'a, in Arabia.; G. Maspero- Hieroglyphic Inscription of King Nastosenen.; Dr. Lauth- On the date of the nativity.; Samuel Sharpe- On an Egyptian shawl for the head as worn on the statues of the kings.; Joseph Bonomi- Some observations on the skeleton of an Egyptian mummy.; Lady Tife- Babylonian contract tablets.; Talbot- Notice of a very ancient comet, from a Chaldean tablet.; Prof. E.L. Lushington B.A.- Fragment of the first Sallier Papyrus.; W. St. Chad Boscawen- Notes on the religion and mythology of the Assyrians, A hymn to Marduk.; Sayce- Babylonian augury by means of geometrical figures.; Josiah Miller- On the numbers of the Jews in all ages.; J. Bonomi- Note on an Egyptian bust, formerly in the Harris collection.; C.T. Newton- Observations on an inscription in an unknown character.; J. Davis- On a new Hamathite inscription at Ibreez.; Boscawan- Notes on an ancient Assyrian bronze sword bearing a cuneiform inscription. Transl. "The palace of Vul-nirari king of nations, son of Budil king of Assyria, son of Bel-nirari king of Assyria."; Talbot- The revolt in heaven, from a Chaldean tablet.; George Smith- On some fragments of the Chaldean account of the Creation. (Contains the cuneiform sources);

Vol V
Jun 1876, H.F. Talbot- The fight between Bel and the dragon, and the flaming sword which turned every way.; Sayce- On the Hamathite inscription.; Rev. Wm. Houghton- On the mammalia of the Assyrian sculptures.; Victor Rydberg- Key to the genealogical table of the first Patriarchs of Genesis, and the chronology of the Septuagint.; Notes on Cypriote Paleography.; Talbot- Ishtar and Izdubar: being the 6th tablet of the Izdubar series, transl. from the cuneiform.; Birch- On a (28th dyn? or later) mummy opened at Stafford House on July 15th, 1875 in the presence of the Duke of Sutherland, Lord Dufferin, Sir H. Cole and others.; Maspero- On the name of an Egyptian dog (the species `abaikour', individual dog `abakrou').; Rev. Christian Ginsburg- The Babylonian Codex of Hosea and Joel, also the Book of Jonah, dated to 916 AD.; Prideaux- A sketch of Sabean Grammar, with examples of translation.; J.W. Bosanquet- Chronological remarks on the history of Esther and Ahasuerus, or `Atossa and Tanu-Axares'.; Birch- The inscription of Darius at the Temple of EL-Khargeh.; Boscawen- Legend on the tower of Babel.; S.M. Drach- Why is 43 (Fourty-three) a Basal Biblical number?.; Talbot- The Chaldean account of the Creation.; Sayce- The Babylonian cylinders found by General di Cesnola in the treasury of the temple of Kurium.; Isaac H. Hall- On a Hymyaritic seal found in the Hauran.; Talbot- On the Cypriote inscriptions.; Prideaux- On an Aramean seal.; William Simpson- The Tenno-Sama, or Mikoshi; Ark-Shrines of Japan.; Maspero- On the Stele C 14 in the Louvre.;

Vol. VI
Jan 1878, W. St. Chad- Babylonian dated tablets, and the Canon of Ptolemy.; Dr. Paul Schroeder, On Cypriote inscription, now in the Imperial Ottoman Museum of Constantinopel. We read, Line 1: "Xo Phaph basileis Nikoklexes xo iereus tas shanassas." Line 2: "Xo basilexs Timarch inis katestase tai Thexi." "King of Paphos, Nicocles, priest of the lady, son of King Timarchus ..."; Francoise Lenormant- Sur la Lecture at de la signification et de l'Idéogramme , et à cette occasion sur quelques Noms de Maladies en Accadien et Assyrien.; Dr. D.H. Muller- Notes and observations upon the Sabean inscriptions at Bombay.; Isaac Hall- Notes on certain Cypriote inscriptions.; Theo. G. Pinches- Notes upon the Assyrian Report Tablets, with translation.; S.M. Drach- Viceroy Joseph's Official despatches. Is Bible poetry acrostic?.; Rev. W. Houghton- On some further desired aids to the study of Assyrian.; Canon Ridgway- Bible sites.; Dr. Julius Oppert- Revised Chronology of the latest Babylonian kings.; Boscawen- On some early Babylonian or Akkadian inscriptions.; Prof. E. Revillout- Un contrat de mariage.; Miss Gertrude Austin- On a fragmentary inscription of Psamtik I, in the Museum of Palermo.; Talbot- The defense of a magistrate falsely accused.; Prideaux- Notes on the Himyaritic inscriptions contained in the Museum of Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.; Hyde Clark- On the relations between Pasht, the moon, and the cat, in Egypt.;

Vol. VII
May 1880, Note on a sepulchral monument from Palmyra.; Egyptian documents relating to the statues of the dead - Notes, p. 6-36, Includes the detail mapped plan of the Mound of Kouyunjik (in color).; Excavations and discoveries in Assyria Includes a map of the Mound of Balawat, The plan of the temple of Assur-nazir-pal, Situated N of the palace of the NW palace of Nimroud.; On a recently discovered text of Assur-natsir-pal.; The bronze gates discovered by Mr. Rassam at Balawat - Part I - Notes.; Image of the Stele of Ramses II at Abu Simbel.; Le Décret de Phtah Totunen en faveur de Ramsés II et de Ramsés III - Notes.; Theodore Pinches, On a cuneiform inscription relating to the capture of Babylon by Cyrus and the events which preceded and led to it.;
Jan 1881, Prof. T. Hayter Lewis, Tell El-Yahoudeh - Includes a color sketch map and tiles.; On some monuments of the reign of Tirhakah.; A new fragment of the history of Nebuchadnezzar III.; Description of the so-called tomb of St. Luke at Ephesus.; Letter from Edward Falener upon the so-called tomb of St. Luke at Ephesus.; The monuments of the Hittites - Includes a sketch map of Turkey, a relief stone of a king from Birejik and the 1st and 2nd Pseudo-Sesostris.; Appendix.; The bilingual Hittite and cuneiform inscription of Tarkondemos, "Tarrik-timme king of the country of Ermé.".; Leut. Col. Warren, The site of the temple of the Jews.; The monuments and inscriptions on the Rocks at Nahr El-Kelb.;
May 1882, The Stele of Mentuhotep - Notes.; The Assyrian Numerals.; Rev. Henry G. Tomkins, The campaign of Ramses II in his 5th year against Kadesh on the Orontes.; The contract tablet from the 17th year of Nabonidus.; The Papyrus of Bek-en-amen in the municipal Museum of Bologna.; The inscribed stones from Jerabis, Hamath, Aleppo, &.;

Vol. VIII
Jan 1883, Eugéne Revillout, `Les Anathémes d'une mére payenne contre son fils devenu chrétien'.; `Piéces relatives à un mariage du temps de Darius'.; The poor laws of the anciennt Hebrews (The laws governing how to treat the poor among the ancient Hebrews.); The birds of the Assyrien monuments and records', p. 42-142.;
Jul 1883, On a (hieroglyphic) tablet in the British Museum relating to two architects.; `The antiquities found by Mr. H. Rassam at Abu-Habbah (Sippara)'; `Recent discoveries of ancient Babylonian cities.'; Egyptian mythology, particularly with reference to mist and clouds, - Appendix.; `Akkadian precepts for the conduct of man in his private life.', p. 230-270; `Babylonian legal documents referring to house property, and the law of inheritance', p. 271- 298.;
Jan 1885, `Notes on Egyptian stelae, principally of the 18th dynasty', p. 299- 346.; Babylonian art by Mr. H. Rassam's latest discoveries.; Biblical nationalities past and present, p. 358-385.; On the shadow of the dead. (Based on hieroglyphic texts.); Handicrafts and artizans mentioned in Tamuic writings.; `L'inscription de la destruction des hommes dans le tombeau de Ramses III.';

Vol. IX
Dec 1886, Memoir of the late Samuel Birch (Nov. 3, 1813 - Dec 27, 1885). His father, also named Samuel Birch (Nov 7, 1757 - Dec 1841), son of Lucas Birch, was Alderman, elected Mayor and politically active.; F.G. Hilton Price, `Notes on the antiquities from Bubastis (Tel Basta)'; E.A.Wallis Budge, The Martyrdom of Isaac of Tiphre. (The first patriarch of Alexandria, called 'John', was head of the church 498-507 AD. See Le Quies, Oriens. Christ, Vol. II, pp. 423-425.; Eusebius Renaudot, Historia Patriarcharum Alexandrinorum Jacobitarum, Paris, 1713, pp. 125, 126.); Prof. Sayce, The Karian Language and Inscriptions, pp. 112-154.; The Weasel and the Cat in ancient times.; Par E. Lefebure, Le Cham et l'Adam Egyptiennes.; Ancient traditions of supernatural voices.; The Apocalypse of Abraham.;
Jun 1893, Rev. Henry G. Tomkins, `On the topography of northern Syria,' pp. 227-280. (Contains drawn image of hieroglyphs of ThutIII city list at Karnak).; The myth of Osiris Unnefer.; On some religious texts of the early Egyptian period.; The tower of Babel and the Birs Nimroud.(Contains 2 images of Peking Altar.); F.G. Hilton Price, Notes upon some Egyptian antiquities in my collection. (A board from a sepulchral box with eh figure of Thoth and inscription containing the name of an unidentified king.); On the fragments of a Coptic version of an enconium on Elijah the Tishbite attributed to St. John Chrysostom.; The Sahidic translation of the Book of Job.;

Vol I
Nov 1878, The `Royal Societies' first meeting, Nov 5th, 1878, Samuel Birch, President.; Royal Library, Berlin and Manchester Free Public Library.; Theodore Pinches reading of the paper `Upon the Bronze Gates of Shalmanezer II (859-825 BC)' discovered by Rassam at (the city of Imgur-Beli) now represented by the mound of Balawat, Part I.; The gates were a pair of enormous folding rectangular leaves each about 22 feet in height and 6 feet wide, of which 14 were found in various states of preservation. Originally of 3 inch wood they turned on pivots of bronze fixed to the base of cylindrical posts about 1 foot in diameter, supported at the top by strong rings.; The remaining bronze plates were 8 feet in length and nailed with bronze nails horizontally across each leaf of the gates, one end being turned around the post to which the pivot was fixed, their visible length being about 6 feet.; Notes on a bilingual inscription in Latin and Aramaic found at South Shields, reading: "DM · REGINA·LIBERTA ·ET ·CONIVGE ·BARATES ·PALMYRENVS ·NATIONE ·CATVALLAVNA ·AN ·XXX." `Erected to the memory of a woman named Regina, of the [British tribe of the] Catuvellauni, who died at the age of 30, the freed-woman and wife of one Barates, a Palmyrene.' The Aramaic line transcribed in Hebrew reads, , `Regina, the freed woman of Barate, alas'.; The last phrase `' is dicussed as `woe' as in `woe is unto me' or `upon me'.
Jan 1879, Reading on Babylonian (contract) Tablets from Dr. Julius Oppert, to show the difference to Assyrian tablets.;
Feb 1879, Reading of a excerpts of a long will of a Coptic monk of Egypt.;
Mar 1879, `The word "ka" (), in the sense of `image,' might help to explain the origin and meaning of some obscure Hebrew terms connected with idolatrous and superstitious practices which had been condemned by the prophets of Israel.' The word , `kavanim' occurs in Jeremiah 7:18 and 44:19 (the whole chapter) and refers to small figures made of dough in honour of the queen of heaven. This practice appears to have originated in Egyptian idolatry, Jeremiah 64:12-16. By 1879 only one passage in the Book of the Dead which mentions the soul, `ka', as being immortal. But this one passage states in words what the drawn images illustrate.
Apr 1879, Some information on Seti I (on file).
May 1879, Notes on vegetable remains in Egyptian tombs, fruits of Hyphæne Argun, the Doum Palm - Hyphæne thebaica, coniferous plants like Juniperus phœnicia and mummy case wood of Cordia myxa.
Jun 1879, A little on `Early Semitic inscriptions from Babylonia.'

Vol. II
Nov 1879, Rassam communication on progress in Assyria.
Dec 1879, On the Samarians in Talmudic writings.
Jan 1880, Society business balance: £ 662.13.
Feb 1880, Remarks on excavations made at Tel el-Yahoudee and some antiquities brought from there. Many of the tiles were brought to the BM by Mr. Greville Chester. Some tiles were ... inlaid with mosaics, others with brilliant enamels. No such work is known to have been used either by the Egyptians or Assyrians in decorating their walls ... In Persia, inlaid enameled tiles have been used for many centuries, but no antique specimens (they mean before Persian times, ie Ramses III 1200 BC conventional times) are known, so far as I am aware, to exist. The greater part of the tiles from Tel el-Yahoudee are purely Egyptian in design, and many of them bear the name - a title of Ramses III.; but some others (always in circular form and without hieroglyphics) are distinguished from the rest in a curious way,, viz., by having stamped upon them, on the reverse side, the Greek letters, A and E. These are the only two letters noticed, and the A has a peculiar form, used, as far as is known to the writer, at about the time of the Ptolemies, and not before." Comment: In our revision Ptolemy I became king of Egypt in 305 BC, only 56 years after the death of Ramses III and 45 years or less after the last of Ramses sons died.
Mar 1880, Notes on Assyrian numerals; On the capture of Babylon; On the existence and expression in Assyrian of the hard guttural sound of the Hebrew .
Apr 1880, Paper read: Description of the so-called Tomb of St. Luke at Ephesus.; (Very Brief) Notes on the Characters, Phonetics, and Language of the Akkadians and pre-Akkadians.;
May 1880, On the `Libation vase of Osor-ur, preserved in the Museum of the Louvre.' No. 908.; Monuments of the reign of Tirhaka.; Briefs, On the written Assyrian language.;
Jun 1880, The site of the Temples of the Jews (Jerusalem).;
Jul 1880, The Hittite Monuments.;

Vol. III
Nov 1880, The bilingual Hittite and Cuneiform inscription of Tarkondemos.;
Dec 1880, The Book of Hades - carved on the sarcophagus of Seti I. discovered by Belzoni in 1815 in his tomb at Biban-el-Molouk.; Pinches, Notes on a new list of the Babylonian kings.;
Jan 1881, Society reports.; Notes on a new list of early Babylonian kings - Contains extensive cuneiform lists.; Hieroglyphics attached to the statue of Cybele near Magnesia ad Sipylum.; Translation of the Hebrew Cobham Inscription from Cyprus: "This stele to Eshmun his lord (dedicates) Sardal, the son of Abd-melkart the son of Rashshaph-yathon, the interpreter of the two thrones (or courts)."
Feb 1881, On an Egyptian tablet in the BM, on two architects of the XIXth Dynasty.; `Auszüge aus syrischen Akten persischer Märtyrer', German, meaning `Excerpts of Syrian Documents on Persian Martyrs.'; Divergent opinion on the Cobham Inscription: Wants to read `interpreter' as `orator, etc..
Mar 1881, `Notices in ancient Jewish Writings of the sagacity and habits of ants.'; A few words on a fragment of a Phoenician inscription found recently at Lanarca.;
Apr 1881, `Ernest de Bunsen, `The Times of Israel's Servitude and Sojourning in Egypt.' States Abraham entered Egypt 215 years before Jacob, that the Shepherds ruled Egypt then and the Exodus took place at the beginning of the 18th dynasty in 1563 BC. Mr. Villiers Stuart disagreed and said: "It is with great reluctance that I venture to differ from our distinguished lecturer, but the difficulties in the way of accepting his conclusions appear to me insuperable. There is at Karnac a great wall erected by Thothmes III to commemorate his campaign in Palestine: it is, in fact, his diary of the expedition. He gives the names of the towns he stopped at, the councils of war he held with his generals. He overran and conquered the whole country. It is incredible that had this event taken place subsequently to the occupation of Palestine by the children of Israel, no notice should have been taken of it in the Bible Record, which mentions every other Egyptian and Assyrian invasion. The inference is therefore that Palestine had not been occupied by the Israelites in the time of Thothmes III of the XVIIIth dynasty, and therefore that the Exodus could not have taken place in the time of Ahmeses, the ancestor of Thothmes. .... It seems probable to me that it was in the time of the Shepherd Kings that Jacob visited Egypt: the Shepherd Kings were cousins of the Hebrews, and that would count for their friendly reception; but when after Joseph's death [Joseph], the Shepherd Kings were defeated at Avaris by Ahmes, the Hebrew bondage began: Ahmes in fact was the king who knew not Joseph, and enslaved the Hebrews; their slavery lasted all through the period of the XVIIIth dynasty, and terminated in the Exodus in the XIXth. .... The Bible tells us that the children of Israel built the city of Rameses for the king - now no king of the name of Rameses occurs in the XVIIIth dynasty, but it is a family name of the XIXth dynasty; and there is moreover in Egyptian records, evidence that the city of Rameses was in fact built in the reign of Rameses II - the great builder king - and became his favorite residence. ..." Comment: While remains of the time of Ramses II are found in many places in Egypt, Pi-Ramesses, if correctly identified, also showed many of his remains. However, that does not mean these remains are those of the time of Israel's sojourn in Egypt. Many times, Ramses II remains are found rather close to the surface and one must look deeper for 17-16th centuries BC remains. See the various links for the revised position.
Continuing Apr 1881, Pinches, `The consonants S,R and L in Assyrian.';
May 1881, On the recent discovery of the pyramids of Sakkara.; The date of Menes, and the date of Buddha.; Prof. Dr. A. Eisenlohr, University of Heidelberg, on how much we still need to learn on the ancient history of Egypt (12th dyn, Shepherds, etc.).; On a tblet of Antef-aa II, Mentuhotep III (Ra-neb Kher), successor Antef IV, etc. (on file). Contains image of a rock carving at Hosh - Gebel Silsilis and its hieroglyphic remains.;
Jun 1881, Rassam discoveries at Aboo-hassam (Siparra - the principal seat of Sun-god worship of the inscriptions.), 16 miles southwest of Baghdad (of the 19th century); Notes on the recently discovered Pyramid of Pepi (dyn. 6) at Sakkara.; On the stele of Mentuhotep; Was Piankhi a synonym for Sabako? - Contains multiple drawings of the Pyramid of King Pepi Upper Vertical Inscriptions and Quarry marks.;

Vol. IV
Nov 1881, Rev. Henry George Tomkins on the campaign of Ramses II in his 5th year against Kadesh on the Orontes.; On a newly discoveredcuneiform inscription on the bank of the Dog River.; On cuneiform tablets from Cappadocia. Contains images of the writing.;
Dec 1881, More on Cappadocian tablets.;
Jan 1882, 1 page dido on 4 seal inscriptions (on file).;
Feb 1882, On the birds of the Assyiran records.;
Mar 1882, Egyptian mythology - Mist and Cloud.; Fl. Petrie, On pottery and implements collected at Giseh.; A Christian mosaic of the 5th century at Ravenna.;
May 1882, Notes on glass in ancient Hebrew records.; Rules of life among the ancient Akkadians.; Trip report to Tel el-Yahoudeh.;
Jun 1882, `The epoch of Joseph: Amenhotep IV as the Pharaoh of the famine.; Reply to Assyrian numerals.; The Phoenicians in Egypt.; The Coptic inscriptions of Beni-Hassan and Deir el-Medineh.; Exploring Lake Moeris with charts and map.; Various Notes.;

Vol. V
Nov 1882, On the Demotic Papyrus containing the Malediction of an Egyptian Mother on her Son embracing Christianity.; Theo. Pinches, `Some recent discoveries hearing on the ancient history and chronology of Babylonia.'; On the value a the hieroglyphic sign .; George Bertin, `On the character and influence of the accent in the Akkadian and Assyrian words.'; T. Pinches, `Introduction, Assyrian Grammar (on file)';
Dec 1882, Houses and householders in the time of Christ.; Dr. Reichhardt, `Exhibition of cylinder seal', to be published with an engraving in a future # of Proceedings. (Number #??); The Kappadokian cuneiform inscription now at Kaisariyeh. (on file);
Jan 1883, The ancient geography of northern Syria.;
Feb 1883, Babylonian tablets relating to householding.; Pinches, `The name Ben-Hadad.' (on file); Remarks on a board with an hieratic inscription, and four sepulchral vases.;
Mar 1883, Recent discoveries of ancient Babylonian cities.; Some ostraka, or inscribed potsherds, of the time of the twelve Caesars.;
Apr 1883, `The Poor Laws of the Hebrews.; Exhibition of flint instruments from Egypt.; Observations on Canopic Vases from Tel-Basta, exhibited by F.G. Hilton-Price.(on file); Prof. W. Wright, `On five Phoenician gems.' p. 100. (on file);
Notes on gems: (1) This is a bloodstone/ redstone from Persia which is pierced lengthwise. The paleo-Hebrew letters are `Ani' the pronunciation of it is unknown. It was judged not to be a seal of a Hebrew.; (2) This is a carnelian/ carnallite which occur in Germany and Iran with some frequency, purchased in Beirut. The Hebrew letters read, "Belonging to Temakh-el, the son of Hpt (`Huppath?' 1.Chr. 24:13)." The radical is well known in the Old Testament. The name is found to be that of an Aramean in Levy, Siegel und Gemmen, p. 15, no. 22, or perhaps that of a Phoenician , p. 24, no. 4.; (3) This is a red opaque stone pierced lengthwise from Damascus. The name is read as "Yedar-el (?)", `God marshals, God herds', may be compared with the biblical . The lower line shows a small bird, perhaps a swallow? Next it show a star or sun and the well known symbol of a sun disk, wafer, resting in a crescent moon, ancient symbol of cosmic conception, as used and adopted in the monstrance.; (4a) This gem's upper line reads, "Belonging to Ksr (?)." The second line is doubtful and no reading was made.;
Pinches, A) `Contract tablet from Babylon inscribed with unknown characters.'; Image of a Bronze mold for arrow tips, p. 109. (on file);
May 1883, Plate of images of Terra-Cotta seals in the possession of M. Schlumberger, Paris.(on file); Ancient observations on the flight of pigeons. (They fly which ever way and aim to their home perch.); On the origin of the Cypriote Syllabary.; Remarks on two ostraca at Queens College, Oxford.; Prof. John P. Peters, `The Akkadian Numerals. (on file); Dr. Oppert, `Contract tablet from Babylon, inscribed with unknown characters.'; Ostraka of the reigns of Nerva and Trajan.;
Jun 1883, Renouf, `An Egyptian preposition.' (on file); Underground structures in biblical lands.; Rylands, `The inscriptions of Aleppo.'; Pleyte, `Mentions of the Christian religion in Egyptian documents.' (Papyros Dodgson). (on file) (says Petosiris = form of Peter); Examples of Christian writing: Greek: "Pa nuter šerau pater-a pater m-pe pa nuter aa." - Transl.: 1) "The youthful god, my father, father in heaven, the great god."; 2) "O divine faithful Lord, I cast out Adam."; Comment: `I cast out Adam' here means the old Adam, our old nature as the Apostle Paul writes so often.; Pinches, (B) `Contract tablet from Babylon, inscribed with unknown characters.'; On the names of Shem and Japhet.; Some new Himyaritic inscriptions.; Ostraka of Hadrian, the Antonines, and their successors. - Trajan and Severus, ; Researches in the Moeris Basin.;

Vol. VI
Nov 1883, Society events and bits of news.; Remarks on the well known Shapira MS., The forger had removed nearly all vavs and yods which serve as matreslectionis, in order to bring his manuscript in harmony with ancient Phoenician scriptures. But he forgot to be consistent. For example, `Sihon' was written with a yod after the samech. The interpolations were suggested by the Samaritan system of garbling the text of the Pentateuch. The forger introduced new benedictions by inserting phrases which read like bad Hebrew, bad logic, and in all instances bad faith.;// Reading by Budge in `Creation Series', fight of Marduk and Tiamat.; Reading by Pinches of Rassam's discoveries at Abu-habbah, or Sepharvaim, including an egg shaped veined marble reading, "I, Sargon the king, king of Agade, I have dedicated [this] to Samas in Sippara.", p. 12.; Sayce, On the reading of cuneiform tablets from Kappadokia dealing with weights, etc.; On the Samaritan Tablet judged to be very similar to one decribed in 1845 in the `Halle Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung', 1845, no. 231, p. 658. It contains the decalogue in abbreviated form (5-10 commandment plus "And tou shalt built there and altar unto Jehovah they God." Dt. 27:5-8 and 33:4.) which was probably set up in a Samaritan synagogue.;
Dec 1883, Rassam read a paper on `Biblical Nationalities Past and Present.': ... "It was pointed out that the only one mentioned in the OT which has up to the present time retained their nation and power was the Persians; and that the only tribal or national name that had been kept was the Jew; all others had been brought under the common sway of the Turk, known in history by the name of Tartars or Sythians. Mr. Rassam stated that more than 9/10 of the population of Turkey and Persia are a muxture of Christians, Jews, and non-descript sects, not having any very exact idea of their own belief. These latter were the Guebres or ancient Parsees, Sabians who are Yesidis, or devil-worshippers, and Shabbaks, none of which retained any of the old idol worship. ... The condition of the people and country in ancient times having been disposed of, Mr. Rassam gave an account of the religions and sects at the present time inhabiting Mesopotamia, particularly the Christian community. These, it was stated, were divided into 4 different sects, having, it was considered, the same Chaldean or Assyrian origin, but who are now styled Chaldeans, Nestorians, Chaldean Catholics, Syrian Jacobites, and Syrian Catholics.; Oppert countering Pinches criticism by making phililogical points with respect to the `Slave inscription.'; Pinches reply to Oppert.; Birche's remarks on hypocephalus.;
Jan 1884, Passing away of Francois Lenormant.; Secretaties reports.; Notes on the surdu-bird, falcon, used for hunting.; Papers on Assyrian grammar (on file).; Ryland's careful drawing of the inscription of Sargon of Akkad in the BM. (on file);
Feb 1884, The Babylonian origin of the Phoenician alphabet.; Papers in French.; Egyptian grammar.; Pinches on the `left hand on the sale of a slave'.;
Mar 1884, Letter against useless polemics.; Papers in French.; Papers on the hydrocephalus.; On the exact copy of the `Aleppo Inscription' by General S.W. Crawford.;
Apr 1884, Chotzner's, `On the life and social position of Hebrew women in Biblical Times.; Pinches and Budge on, `On an edict of Nebuchadnezzar I (about 1150 BC)'. (lenghty); Hydrocephalus again.;
May 1884, Pinches & Budge on, Some new texts in Babylonian characters, relating principally to the restoration of temples.; The Babylonian kings of the 2nd period to the end of their existence of the kingdom.; Wiedemann, On some Greek ostraca found at Elephantine.; Sayce, New Cypriote inscriptions from Abydos and Thebes.; Criticism of Dr. Taylor's paper/ book on the Babylonian origin of the Phoenician alphabet.;

Vol. XV
Nov 1892, The Book of the Dead, ch. XVIII - XX.; Ya and Yawa in Assyro-Babylonian inscriptions.; Lettres de Tell El-Amarna.; Notes de philologie Egyptienne.; The cuneiform ideogram of `to bear'.; A bilingual hymn.;
Dec 1892, The Book of the Dead, ch. XXI - XXV.; The two captivities. The Habor and the Chebar.; The Raiyan-Moeris and the Ptolemaic maps.;
Jan 1893, Book of the Dead, ch. XXVI - XXXa.; Gisgalla-ki = Babylon, Ki-nu-nir-ki = Borsippa.; The cuneiform ideogram `dubbi-sar'.; Cobalt in ancient Egypt.; Lettres de Tell El-Amarna.; Etude sur Abydos.;
Feb 1893, Book of the Dead, ch. XXXI - XXXVII.; The superlinear punctuation, its origin, the different stages of its development, and its relation to other Semitic systems of punctuation.; An inscription of Khuenaten.;
Mar 1893, Book of the Dead, ch. XXXVIII - XLI.; The tower of Babel.; Ou la lumiere zodiacale.; The constellation Aries.; The 10 patriarchs of Berosus.; Notes de philologie Egyptienne.;
May 1893, Book of the Dead, ch. XLII - LV.; Gish-Dubarra, Gibil-Gamesh, Nimrod.; Notes on Egyptian weights and measures.; Euphratean stellar researches.; The story of the peasant.; Lettres de Tell El-Amarna.;
Jun 1893, Book of the Dead, ch. LVII - LXIIIb.; The gods Akar and Seb.; La lumiere zodiacale et sa representation sur les monuments Egyptiens.; The origin of the Phoenician alphabet.; Notes on pectorals.; A Babylonian decree that a certain rite should be performed.; The name of Pharaoh.; Note on the Pharaoh of th Exodus.; The Achmethas or Ecbatanas of western Asia.; Etude sur Abydos.; Euphratean stellar researches.; Notes on philologie Egyptienne.; El Kab and Gebelen.; Lettres de Tell El-Amarna.;