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The Kings of the 6th Dynasty according to the following documents: The Emerging Revised 6th Dynasty - Old Kingdom
Manetho

Othoes.............30yrs

Phios................53
Methusuphis......7
Phiops.............99
Menthesuphis....1
Nitocris...........12
Total:............203 yrs 		King lists

Teti
Userkare
Piopi
Merenre
Neferkare
Merenre (II) -Antyemzaef
Nitokerty
 Turin Canon

lost
lost
20 yrs
44? yrs
90 [+x] yrs
1 yr (Candidate for Exodus)
?
 Monuments only 1st five names known
Horus name ........ Re-name ....... Nomen
Sheteptowe ................ none ........... Teti [100]
................................. Userkare ....... none
Merytowe ................ Neferzahor ... Piopi (Pepi I)[200]
................................ later Meryre
Ankhkharu ............... Merenre (II) (Exodus) ....... Antyemzaef
Netjerkharu .............. Neferkare .... Piopi (Pepi II)[300]
Hieroglyphics for Pepi
According to dated information it was assumed said that the religious hieroglyphics of the Sakkara pyramid (No. 36 by Lepsius, No. 5 by Vyse) resemble those of the formulas found on the rectangular sarcophagus of the 6th and subsequent dynasties. The inscriptions of what then was regarded as the pyramid of Rameri, the Apappus or Phiops of the 6th dynasty, have that character and are difficult to translate. Officials during 6th Dynasty Times

1. Meryrahashtef - striding 58.1 cm ebony-wood figure, provenance and genuiness unknown.
See KMT, Spring, 2001, Vol. 12, p. 23.
2. Qar - a 6th dynasty physician, judge and vizier whose tomb was found at Saqara including a unique circular calcite table inscribed with a list of offerings, a calcite oil lamp, pottery, 20 bronze statues representing various deities and his surgical tools.
See KMT, Winter 2001 and Spring, 2002, Vol. 12 & 13, p. (8 & 24).
3. Nyankh-nesut - secretary of the great estate, prophet of the souls of Heliopolis, Sem-priest, director of every kilt, administrator of Buto..., Sole companion, keeper of the diadem, chief of Elkab ...
There is also a rather abraded scene of offering bearers ... On the former the name, [Ise]si-ankh, with the royal component in the cartouche.
See A. Leahy & I. Mathieson, The Tomb of Nyankhnesut (Re)discovered, JEA, Vol. 87, 2001, p. 33-42. Plate IV & V.
4. To see the 6th Dynasty limestone funerary stela of Djefi and his wife from El Kab featuring also a readable hieroglyphic text see KMT, Vol. 12, Fall 2001, p. 24.
5. The notable nomarch, treasurer, superintendent of the South and priests, confidential friend, lector, Pepionkh, famous for the vacuum packed `honey comb cake' with sesame seeds found in his tomb, is shown and mentioned in A.M. Blackman, `The Ka-House and the Serdab' & in `Rock Tombs of Meir', JEA, Vol.III, 1916, p. 250-254, Fig. 1 & 2.
6. The tomb chapel of Ankhmahor, the vizier of Teti, and his `duat' is discussed in Deborah Vischak, The Case of Ankhmahor in JARCE, Vol. XL, 2003, p. 133-157. The article features numerous, drawn B&W images the mastaba art work and readable hieroglyphics as they were interpreted. The following article in the same magazine by Patricia Bochi presents Mereruka, the probable son-in-law and vizier of Teti toward the end of the king's life. November 11, 2008 it was announced that apparently the remains of a small pyramid of Queen Shesheti, mother of Teti who married Khuit, was found in Saqqara. All in all there are supposed to be some 118 pyramids in Egypt (not verified by us).
7. KMT, Spring 2002 shows a false door of Senwehem on p. 42. Compare 6th dynasty with 12th dynasty art work of such types, i.e. KMT, Fall 2004, p. 39, showing the false door of 5th dynasty tomb chapel of Kaipura which has some similarities and some differences.
Some consider Teti and Amenemes (the `Menes' of tradition), the same person on the basis of the many likenesses between them, i.e.

1. autocratic unifier of Egypt,
2. both were dynastic founders,
3. similarity in names,
4. and possibly both were assassinated (certainly a conspiracy),
5. the conspiracy is thought to have been a harem conspiracy. A certain Userkare may have intervened and have been invloved in the conspiracy, reigning illegitimately (perhaps he is the Userkare of Dynasty 5?) until the conspiracy was crushed. The vizier Hezi is thought to have plotted against Teti. [400]
6. The surviving heir, Pepi I, would then have taken everlasting revenge, altering and reassigning Hezi's tomb. Naguib Kanawati said, "I can't say for sure that Teti was assassinated, but something catastrophic happened. The more we look, the more evidence we find that there was a huge conspiracy. Many people were punished. Hezi was most likely one of the ringleaders. So were Teti's chief physician and the overseer of the armory, who received the same punishment. ..." [National Geographic, Oct. 2002, p. 18] As far as Egyptian art objects is concerned it is possible that a superbly crafted golden hawk's head stems from Pepi I's or else 18th Dynasty time. It is hard to date because it was found in the main deposit of Hieraconopolis near two fine copper statues, one bearing the name of King Pepi I. The 37.5 cm tall (15 in.) hawk's head topped by a royal crown was originally mounted on a wooden body sheathed with plates of copper which were too badly damaged to survive. The very dark or black piercing eyes are made of a single rod of obsidian running from side to side inside the head, each end being shaped and polished. [For the image see Christine Hobson, `The World of the Pharaohs', Singapore, 1997, p. 53. Obsidian is a black or green natural glass of volcanic origin. Sources include Ethiopia, Armenia and the Red Sea coast.]
7. Moses (Mu-sa-re, Mycerinus), as Sinuhe, the `Egyptian Moses', escaped Egypt during a similar background, a conspiracy against the pharaoh (Amenemes) and pursued by his heir, Sesostris.
8. Moses killing of an Egyptian foreman on behalf of the Hebrew slaves might have looked like a very rebellious act to them. He fled to Midian where he lived for many years, marrying the tribal chief's daughter. Staying in exile, according to the Bible, until all the men who were seeking his life had died. That is for the entire reign of Chephren/Sesostris I (40 years plus any co-regency).
9. Teti's origin was from a wealthy noble in Abydos, Khui (hence Khnum-khufuei or Cheops),
10. Teti would marry his daughter Ankhesenmerire/Ankhesenpepi to Pepi (6th d.), who was also Chephren (4th d.) and also Sesostris I (12th d.) Senuseret I is credited with having built a temple on the Elephantine Island made entirely of limestone. [See M. Stowe in `Egypt Revealed', Fall 2000, p. 16f featuring the image of the temple.]
11. Ankhesenmerire is the same person as Meresankh (it is basically the same name), daughter of Cheops, who became the `Merris' of tradition, who drew baby Moses from the water,
12. Meresankh married Chephren, who became the `Chenephres' of tradition, Moses f/father-in-law, Chephren (Kheper-ka-ra), the Great Sphinx builder, is the same person as the sphinx-obsessed Sesostris I (Kha-khepere-re).
13. According to National Geographic, Oct. 2002, Teti came to the throne by force.
14. Amenemes I-III and Sesostris I-III need to be merged into one Amenemes, and one Sesostris according to Damien Mackey, who theorizes that historians may have dupli-tripli-cated these characters.
15. There is a definite similarity of events amongst the 4th, 12th, and 6th dynasties regarding the last part of the reign of the founding pharaoh and the succession, with a Moses like character in the wings. (Though Moses' 6th dynasty persona is still waiting to be identified - perhaps as the brilliant vizier, Weni?).
A Growing List of Source Material
01) For images of limestone and wood figures of Tjetey (Sakara, near the Pyramid of Pharao Teti), and a painted limestone block from the Tomb of Nekebu (Giza Tomb G 2381). Both said to date to the 6th Dynasty, see KMT, Vol. 14, Winter 2003/04, p. 30-31. Shown is also the bed canopy of Hetephere which bears the cartouche of Sneferu.
02) Discoveries of `lost' structures in Egypt includes those of the 6th Dynasty Queens Meritites and Ankhesen-pepy II, discovered by the French archaeologist Audran Labrousse in 1995 and 1998. [N.Reeves, `Ancient Egypt-The Great Discoveries', p. 202]
03) The mastaba of the 6th dynasty personalities of `Nyhetep-Ptah' and `Ankhm'Ahor' are detailed by Alexander Badawy, `The Tomb of Nyhetep-Ptah at Giza and the tomb of Ankhm'ahor at Saqqara', LA, 1978.
04) Photos of 6th dynasty mastabas: a) of the princely house of Mereruka (Meri) and his wife Har-watet-khet, b) the artfully made mastaba of Kagemmi and c) of the princess Idut stated to occupy the mastaba of a 5th dynasty owner - can be seen in Alberto Carlo Carpiceci's, `Art and History of Egypt', Florence, Italy, 1997, p. 78-83.
05) The account of the 6th dynasty `Weni the Elder' and his mastaba complex can be seen in Janet Richards, Quest for Weni the Elder in Archaeology, May 2001, p. 48-49.
Weni's autobiography: "His majesty sent me to Hatnub to bring a great altar of alabaster of Hatnub. I brought this altar down for him in seventeen days. After it was quarried at Hatnub, I had it go downstream in this barge I had built for it, a barge of acacia wood of sixty cubits in length and thirty cubits of width. Assembled in seventeen days, in the third month of summer, when there was no water on the sandbanks, it landed at the pyramid 'Merenre appears in splendour' in safety …." The mummy of one of the Merenre's is shown in KMT, Spring 2007, p. 32.
See also Janet Richards, Text and Context in Late OK Egypt: The Archaeology and Historiography of Weni the Elder in JARCE, Vol. XXXIX, 2002, p. 75-102. The article shows B&W drawings and photos of a map, the hieroglyphics (examples of good quality h.) of Weni's biography (relief fragment, false door, lintel, statue, mini obelisks), the gesture of respect where the horizontal left arm clasps the elbow joint of the angled up right arm, his grave and it mentions a vizier Iuu.
06) A vase of a queen `Pepy-onkh-nes', 6th dynasty, a carved sea shell and an ivory button and spoon can be seen in Ancient Egypt, Mar 1924, p. 37.
07) A drawn image of the mastaba of Hor-Aha and adjacant boat-grave at Saqqara can be seen in V. Gordon Childe, New Light on the Most Ancient East, New York, 1953, p. 84.
08) The cartouche of Pepi can be found on a small limestone block fragment with a small part of the pigmented Pyramid Text. See Sally MacDonald, `The Petrie Museum' in KMT, Fall 2005, p. 66. The cartouche consists simply of two small sqares on the top and two palm fonds below.
09) The composite image of the Old Kingdom Chapel of Wepemnefret (G 1201) at Giza shows the stela in `The Giza Archives Project' in KMT, Fall 2005, p. 73.
10) A painted limestone block from the tomb of the 6th dynasty person Nebeku is shown in Lawrence M. Berman, Hetepheres & Company in KMT, Vol. 14, No. 4, Winter 2003-04, p. 23-31-33.

Notes & References

[100] For the throne name `Seheteptawy' (`He who pacifies the two lands'), see P. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, p. 64. For this same throne name used by Amenemes I. click here.
[200] For an image of Pepi I see KMT, Vol. 10, Winter 1999-2000, p. 31; See also the weathered statue of Pepi I in Bryan Fagan's, `Egypt of the Pharaohs', p. 115. The scarabs of one named `Shesha' are said to resemble those of Pepi.
[300] For a full page weathered B&W image of Pepi II see L. Cottrell, The Horizon Book of Lost Worlds', p. 64.
[400] David P. SIlverman, The Threat-Formula and Biographical Text in the Tomb of Hezi at Saqqara in JARCE, Vol. XXXVII, 2000, p. 1-13. (on file)
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