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Chart from 560 to 460 BC

01) In conventional chronology the Saitic, 26th dynasty ruled in Egypt when Cambyses subdued the country in 525 BC. In Velikovskian chronology which we defend here, It was the time of the last pharaoh Amasis of the 19th dynasty, followed by the short reigning Psammetichus/Seti. It is not altogether clear if Cambyse's reign in Egypt ought to be understood when he started his reign in Persia (backdating), or from the year he began his pharaonic rule in Egypt, by apparently ignoring the last year(s) of Amasis. In such situations it is difficult to tell, not knowing the condition Amasis was in (and/or his government) toward the end of his life. Some (Atkinson & Depuydt) hold that his reign was dated from 530 BC by using the Apis stela of his year 6. These native Egyptian rulers came to their end at this time and Cambyses assumed the title of `Pharaoh'. In time the priestly class organized itself and produced a few priests who became known briefly as the 28th and the better known 21st priestly dynasty. They reigned in the shadow of their Persian overlords with waxing and waning powers depending on the events. Not until the 4th century was Egypt ruled again by the native kings of the 20th/30th dynasty. [For the conventional account see H. Jacob Katzenstein, Tyre in the Early Persian Period in BA, Winter 1979, p. 23-34.] 02) A fragment of `Darius on the Stele of Isthmus' was found and drawn by the French artist Faucher-Gudin in `Description de l'Egypte' and is shown by Maspero in his `History of Egypt', Vol. IX, p. 219; Picture is small and not much is recognizable in the printed copy. 03) The cuneiform inscription of Xerxes from the northern stairway of the Apadana can be seen in Edwin M. Yamauchi, `Persia and the Bible', Grand Rapids, 1996, p. 350. 04) Harpagus the Mede (ca. 540 BC) is said to have destroyed the Ionic town of Phocaea from which, according to Herodotus, came "the first Greeks who performed long voyages." This city was located on the West coast of Asia Minor and the most northern Ionian town. 05) A color image of the plains of Marathon can be seen in Archaeology, July/Aug 2001, p. 6. 06) The Piceans are said to have occupied Italy between 500 to 300 BC. [Archaeology, Vol. 58, No. 6, Nov/Dec 2005, p. 72.] 07) A 4 inch long solid gold chariot with driver and king was found in a cage on the banks of the Oxus River, east of the Caspian Sea at the northern end of Afghanistan. It is thought to be from the time of Darius I (522-486 BC). See BAR, Mar 1998, p. 80.

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